台灣戰爭史回顧(49)

2013年4月21日(洛杉磯記者會)台灣(民)政府代表團召開記者會，與會代表嚴重脫稿：

1. 會場將法理基礎的(民)政府字眼改成「台灣政府」
2. 現場也將「日本國旗」收走
3. 講稿將「日屬美佔」擅自變更成「美屬美佔」
4. 會中宣布「台灣政府」成立而且「台灣人有台灣主權」

美國當局大驚，認定台灣(民)政府有意借用美國首都華府宣布「獨立」 ，立刻尋求解決辦法，無奈部分高層團員已經走火入魔，甚至將25日美方「協助文件」棄之不顧，並公開揚言：「不願受美國牽鼻子走」。

會中美方全面抵制，除了官方沒有任何人出面外，記者會也沒有任何記者出席，會後一小時，台灣(民)政府官方召開緊急會議，為避免「事件」擴大，公布懲罰名單。

26日有四位團員為了「表態不贊成脫離台灣民政府架構」，自購機票，立刻返台，此舉動讓美方了解記者會內容不是「原稿」。代表團此時才發現事態嚴，27日以後的演講才恢復「正常」。

以後美方主動表示願意在華府「重新」舉辦「酒會與記者會」，這才是「華府事件」的真相。

現在，舉例說明「民政府」如何取代「軍政府」的例子，1901年3月15日「菲律賓美國民政府」如何取代「菲律賓美國軍政府」，成為菲律賓治理當局。

菲律賓住民在美國殖民初期未曾自行成立菲律賓民政府. 美國治理下之菲律賓政治是建構在由菲律賓人所選出之下議會(Philippine Assembly)及由美國總統所指派之上議會(Philippine Commission). 而及至1916年, 菲律賓上議會(Philippine Commission)才依Jones Law(菲律賓自治法案), 被菲律賓民選之菲律賓參議院(Philippine Senate)所取代.

美國政府並不承認菲律賓住民自行宣告成立之政府, 將其視為叛軍組織, 雙方間存有敵意而發生戰爭. 台灣民政府是美國在日本台灣被占領領土"應設立而未設立"之民事治理機關. 台灣住民是基於自救, 在自然法架構內依戰爭法自行宣告成立台灣民政府而迫使美國不得不"同意", 這是戰爭史上之特例, 並不適用於美國對其他外國領土之占領.

台灣民政府是征服日本之美國總統杜魯門其後繼者在法理占領地台灣, 依戰爭法所必須為本土台灣人設立以治理民事之"唯一合法政府(sole legal government)".

一方面, 民主進步黨無論其成員背景為何, 是效忠中華民國而參與中華民國體制運作之政治團體, 其應被視為"占領方"中國人而非"被占領方"本土台灣人. 基於"占領方"中國人"並無立場參與"被占領方"台灣民政府, 中華民國民進黨並無資格被美國承認為台灣民政府. 

一方面, 基於台灣民政府之設立是涉及戰爭法, 美國於2010年9月8日, 在Washington D.C. Four Seasons Hotel之酒會中, 是在戰爭法架構內"同意"台灣民政府之成立, 而並無任何法源可將無涉戰爭法之中華民國民進黨承認為台灣民政府.

作者：林 志昇(武林 志昇˙林 峯弘)

台灣(民)政府  國安參謀聯席會執行長

2013/05/09

參考資料:

1. CIVIL GOVERNMENT FOR THE PHILIPPINES; Military Authority to be Supplanted on May 15. Special to The New York Times. March 17, 1901,

[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]

WASHINGTON, March 16 -- Civil Government will be established in the Philippines on May 15. The continual victories of Gen. MacArthur and the creation of newly organized communities wherever the Taft Commission has gone have indicated to the Administration that the Islands are now sufficiently pacified to permit the experiment.

2. Establishment of the Philippine Civil Government

On March 2, 1901 the U.S. Congress passed the Spooner Amendment to the Army Appropriation Act, providing legislative authority for the President to proceed with the establishment of a civil government in the Philippines. Up until this time, the President been administering the Philippines by virtue of his war powers. On July 1, 1901, civil government was inaugurated with William H. Taft as the Civil Governor. Later, on February 3, 1903, the U.S. Congress would change the title of Civil Governor to Governor-General.

3. Establishment of the Philippline Assembly

The Philippine Assembly was the lower house of the legislative body of the Philippines during the early part of American colonial period. It was created by the Philippine Organic Act, passed in 1902, which also established the Philippine Commission as the upper house of the Philippine Legislature, headed by the U.S. Governor General.

4. Establishment of the Philippine Commission

The Philippine Commission was a body appointed by the President of the United States to exercise legislative and limited executive powers in the Philippines. It was first appointed by President William McKinley in 1901. Beginning in 1907, it acted as the upper house of a bicameral Philippine Legislature, with the elected Philippine Assembly acting as lower house.

5. Establishment of the Philippine Senate

The Jones Law (Philippine Autonomy Act) of 1916 created an elected Philippine Senate to replace the Philippine Commission.

6. Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila G.R. No. L-5     September 17, 1945

The doctrine upon this subject is thus summed up by Halleck, in his work on International Law (Vol. 2, p. 444): "The right of one belligerent to occupy and govern the territory of the enemy while in its military possession, is one of the incidents of war, and flows directly from the right to conquer. We, therefore, do not look to the Constitution or political institutions of the conqueror, for authority to establish a government for the territory of the enemy in his possession, during its military occupation, nor for the rules by which the powers of such government are regulated and limited. Such authority and such rules are derived directly from the laws war, as established by the usage of the world, and confirmed by the writings of publicists and decisions of courts — in fine, from the law of nations. . . . The municipal laws of a conquered territory, or the laws which regulate private rights, continue in force during military occupation, excepts so far as they are suspended or changed by the acts of conqueror. . . . He, nevertheless, has all the powers of a de facto government, and can at his pleasure either change the existing laws or make new ones."